Math / Science Work
Science fair project 2014
How does different light on the light spectrum affect the cellular respiration of yeast?
Hypothesis: If a yeast colony is exposed to ultra violet light, then the yeast colony’s production of carbon dioxide will be less than that of colonies exposed to normal and or no light.
Independent variable: type of light for yeast colony environment
Dependent variable: Amount of Carbon Dioxide produced by yeast colony
Control: no light in yeast colony enviornment
Materials
-balloons
-white cane sugar
-6 packets of baker’s yeast
- 6 containers that can hold 3 cups
-water
-UV light (Black light)
-Normal light bulb
-3 big cardboard box
Procedure
1 Gather all materials.
2. In each container put ¼ cup of sugar, 3 cups of water, and 1 packet of baker’s yeast.
3. Put a balloon over the opening of the container to collect all the carbon dioxide being produced.
4. Put two containers in each of the 3 boxes.
5. Place the Black light in a box and the normal light in another so there are three boxes only two have light and the last one is the control.
6. Wait 24 hours for carbon dioxide to accumulate.
7. Label and remove all balloons without letting any carbon dioxide escape.
8. Measure volume of Carbon dioxide in balloons
9. Determine results
Conclusion
The results of the experiment are somewhat inconclusive. The hypothesis was proven correct; the colonies exposed to the Ultra Violet Radiation produced the least amount of carbon dioxide due to UV’s damaging effects on living organism’s ability to perform cellular respiration. Where the results are inconclusive is how the yeast colonies under the white light, produced a large amount of Carbon dioxide. A possible explanation for this is that the light bulb might have produced an ideal temperature for the yeast colony to preform cellular respiration. Another explanation could be how they were positioned under the light bulb in the box. Next time this experiment is done there should be more trials so more information could be gathered. Additionally the containers used should have narrow necks so it is easier to collect the carbon dioxide, I had a very difficult time collecting the carbon dioxide because I used a wide necked bottle. The carbondioxide should also be measured by mass instead of volume it would have been more accurate and not dependent on the temperature of the surroundings.
Calculus work
For use with the World Population data
1. Answer the following question about World Population.
b) Isn't growth always exponential? Summarize your answer in a few sentences and include comments on the fit of your two models.
Yes, the growth is always exponential, because population rises as the rate of births increases. Yes while there are many outside factors such as disease, hunger etc... People are born at a faster rate than they are dying. That is until carrying capacity is reached but there is no evidence of it on the graphs.
c) For each model, what is the predicted population size in 2025 and 2050?
Quadratic
-2025 population: 8.35 billion
-2050 population: 11.05 billion
Exponential
-2025 population: 9.31 billion
-2050 population: 14.14 billion
d) What is the current (2006) rate of change for each model?
Quadratic f`(2006)= 0.0888
Exponential f`(2006)= 2.5775132422
e) Use the 2006 rate of change information for each model to predict 2025 and 2050 population size.
Quadratic
-2025 population: 8.35 billion
-2050 population: 11.05 billion
Exponential
-2025 population: 9.31 billion
-2050 population: 14.14 billion
f) Summarize your information for each model in a few sentences. What is difference between the predictions of your two models and what does this say about the differences between and exponential model and a quadratic model?
They are very similar, though the quadratic graph has more consistency with the projection of population. It emulates a data set that greater resembles real world data. The exponential equation, however, strays towards the local maxima. The exponential equation is augmented therefore predicting a much higher number than reasonable.
g) The U.S. Census Bureau is predicting a world population of 7,959 million in 2025 and 9,402 million in 2050. How do your projections compare to the predictions given by the Census Bureau and what does this say about the type of model the Census Bureau is using?
The quadratic equation’s prediction is closer to census with an error margin of roughly 5%-15%. The exponential equation’s prediction has an error margin 15%-34%. I believe the U.S. Census Bureau utilizes a more complicated array system with more variables and data that permits
Science fair project 2014
How does different light on the light spectrum affect the cellular respiration of yeast?
Hypothesis: If a yeast colony is exposed to ultra violet light, then the yeast colony’s production of carbon dioxide will be less than that of colonies exposed to normal and or no light.
Independent variable: type of light for yeast colony environment
Dependent variable: Amount of Carbon Dioxide produced by yeast colony
Control: no light in yeast colony enviornment
Materials
-balloons
-white cane sugar
-6 packets of baker’s yeast
- 6 containers that can hold 3 cups
-water
-UV light (Black light)
-Normal light bulb
-3 big cardboard box
Procedure
1 Gather all materials.
2. In each container put ¼ cup of sugar, 3 cups of water, and 1 packet of baker’s yeast.
3. Put a balloon over the opening of the container to collect all the carbon dioxide being produced.
4. Put two containers in each of the 3 boxes.
5. Place the Black light in a box and the normal light in another so there are three boxes only two have light and the last one is the control.
6. Wait 24 hours for carbon dioxide to accumulate.
7. Label and remove all balloons without letting any carbon dioxide escape.
8. Measure volume of Carbon dioxide in balloons
9. Determine results
Conclusion
The results of the experiment are somewhat inconclusive. The hypothesis was proven correct; the colonies exposed to the Ultra Violet Radiation produced the least amount of carbon dioxide due to UV’s damaging effects on living organism’s ability to perform cellular respiration. Where the results are inconclusive is how the yeast colonies under the white light, produced a large amount of Carbon dioxide. A possible explanation for this is that the light bulb might have produced an ideal temperature for the yeast colony to preform cellular respiration. Another explanation could be how they were positioned under the light bulb in the box. Next time this experiment is done there should be more trials so more information could be gathered. Additionally the containers used should have narrow necks so it is easier to collect the carbon dioxide, I had a very difficult time collecting the carbon dioxide because I used a wide necked bottle. The carbondioxide should also be measured by mass instead of volume it would have been more accurate and not dependent on the temperature of the surroundings.
Calculus work
For use with the World Population data
1. Answer the following question about World Population.
b) Isn't growth always exponential? Summarize your answer in a few sentences and include comments on the fit of your two models.
Yes, the growth is always exponential, because population rises as the rate of births increases. Yes while there are many outside factors such as disease, hunger etc... People are born at a faster rate than they are dying. That is until carrying capacity is reached but there is no evidence of it on the graphs.
c) For each model, what is the predicted population size in 2025 and 2050?
Quadratic
-2025 population: 8.35 billion
-2050 population: 11.05 billion
Exponential
-2025 population: 9.31 billion
-2050 population: 14.14 billion
d) What is the current (2006) rate of change for each model?
Quadratic f`(2006)= 0.0888
Exponential f`(2006)= 2.5775132422
e) Use the 2006 rate of change information for each model to predict 2025 and 2050 population size.
Quadratic
-2025 population: 8.35 billion
-2050 population: 11.05 billion
Exponential
-2025 population: 9.31 billion
-2050 population: 14.14 billion
f) Summarize your information for each model in a few sentences. What is difference between the predictions of your two models and what does this say about the differences between and exponential model and a quadratic model?
They are very similar, though the quadratic graph has more consistency with the projection of population. It emulates a data set that greater resembles real world data. The exponential equation, however, strays towards the local maxima. The exponential equation is augmented therefore predicting a much higher number than reasonable.
g) The U.S. Census Bureau is predicting a world population of 7,959 million in 2025 and 9,402 million in 2050. How do your projections compare to the predictions given by the Census Bureau and what does this say about the type of model the Census Bureau is using?
The quadratic equation’s prediction is closer to census with an error margin of roughly 5%-15%. The exponential equation’s prediction has an error margin 15%-34%. I believe the U.S. Census Bureau utilizes a more complicated array system with more variables and data that permits